Lex Fridman Podcast

Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Larss Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/ The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120 Larss Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw 12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/ Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.com BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:03) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:57) The start of the Viking Age (18:50) Viking military strategy, tactics technology (32:33) Ragnar Lothbrok (42:00) The Great Heathen Army (46:42) Rollo and Normandy (56:54) Viking religion and Valhalla (1:07:25) Viking explorers (1:12:33) Vikings in North America (1:25:55) Vikings in the East (1:45:33) Byzantine Empire (1:54:17) History and human nature PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the worlds most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/ NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/ NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/ NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotron SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:26) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (06:34) Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering (09:20) How Jensen runs NVIDIA (28:41) AI scaling laws (43:41) Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws (45:25) Supply chain (47:20) Memory (53:25) Power (58:45) Elon and Colossus (1:02:13) Jensens approach to engineering and leadership (1:07:38) China (1:15:51) TSMC and Taiwan (1:21:06) NVIDIAs moat (1:26:43) AI data centers in space (1:30:31) Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion? (1:40:40) Leadership under pressure (1:54:26) Video games (2:01:18) AGI timeline (2:03:31) Future of programming (2:17:02) Consciousness (2:23:23) Mortality PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jeff Kaplan is a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, now preparing to launch a new game, The Legend of California, from his new studio Kintsugiyama available to wishlist on Steam today, with alpha later in March. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep493-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: The Legend of California (Steam Page): https://store.steampowered.com/app/2550530/The_Legend_of_California Jeffs Game Studio: https://www.kintsugiyama.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (02:24) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:47) Early games: Pac-Man, Zork, Doom, Quake (25:12) Writing career 170 rejection letters (40:45) EverQuest obsession (53:43) Getting hired at Blizzard (1:09:11) Lowest point in Jeffs life (1:15:16) One of Us (1:19:33) Early Blizzard culture (1:39:15) Building World of Warcraft (1:56:59) How WoW changed video games (2:14:21) Single-player vs Multi-player (2:35:15) How Blizzard made great video games (3:01:04) Online toxicity (3:08:38) Why Titan failed (3:25:48) Overwatch in six weeks (3:52:46) Best Overwatch heroes (4:01:16) The challenge of matchmaking (4:04:40) Rust (4:15:01) Why Jeff left Blizzard (4:37:14) Diablo IV (4:38:42) Getting back to making video games (4:47:38) The Legend of California (5:01:23) Greatest video game of all time (5:09:30) AI and future of video games PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Rick Beato is a music educator, interviewer, producer, songwriter, and a true multi-instrument musician, playing guitar, bass, cello piano. His incredible YouTube channel celebrates great musicians musical ideas, and helps millions of people fall in love with great music all over again. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep492-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/rick-beato-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Ricks YouTube: https://youtube.com/RickBeato Ricks X: https://x.com/rickbeato Ricks Instagram: https://instagram.com/rickbeato1 Ricks Website: https://rickbeato.com Ricks Ear Training: https://beatoeartraining.com The Beato Book: https://beatobook.com SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:28) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:17) Guitar solos (13:16) Gypsy jazz and Django Reinhardt (14:48) Bebop jazz (19:00) Perfect pitch vs relative pitch (23:37) Learning to play guitar (47:08) Miles Davis (52:34) Bass guitar (53:41) Greatest guitar solos of all time (1:22:56) 27 Club (1:27:37) Elton John (1:30:51) Metallica (1:35:21) Tom Waits (1:41:12) Greatest rock stars (1:44:35) Beethoven (1:51:10) Bach (1:54:01) AI in music (2:07:52) Sabrina Carpenter (2:11:23) YouTube copyright strikes (2:16:59) Spotify (2:27:51) Guitars (2:32:13) Advice PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Peter Steinberger is the creator of OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent framework thats the fastest-growing project in GitHub history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep491-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/peter-steinberger-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Peters X: https://x.com/steipete Peters GitHub: https://github.com/steipete Peters Website: https://steipete.com Peters LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steipete OpenClaw Website: https://openclaw.ai OpenClaw GitHub: https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw OpenClaw Discord: https://discord.gg/openclaw SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (03:51) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (15:29) OpenClaw origin story (18:48) Mind-blowing moment (28:15) Why OpenClaw went viral (32:12) Self-modifying AI agent (36:57) Name-change drama (54:07) Moltbook saga (1:02:26) OpenClaw security concerns (1:11:07) How to code with AI agents (1:42:02) Programming setup (1:48:45) GPT Codex 5.3 vs Claude Opus 4.6 (1:57:52) Best AI agent for programming (2:19:52) Life story and career advice (2:23:49) Money and happiness (2:27:41) Acquisition offers from OpenAI and Meta (2:44:51) How OpenClaw works (2:56:09) AI slop (3:02:13) AI agents will replace 80% of apps (3:10:50) Will AI replace programmers? (3:22:50) Future of OpenClaw community

Nathan Lambert and Sebastian Raschka are machine learning researchers, engineers, and educators. Nathan is the post-training lead at the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) and the author of The RLHF Book. Sebastian Raschka is the author of Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch) and Build a Reasoning Model (From Scratch). Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep490-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/ai-sota-2026-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Box: Intelligent content management platform. Go to https://box.com/ai Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lex UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:39) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (16:29) China vs US: Who wins the AI race? (25:11) ChatGPT vs Claude vs Gemini vs Grok: Who is winning? (36:11) Best AI for coding (43:02) Open Source vs Closed Source LLMs (54:41) Transformers: Evolution of LLMs since 2019 (1:02:38) AI Scaling Laws: Are they dead or still holding? (1:18:45) How AI is trained: Pre-training, Mid-training, and Post-training (1:51:51) Post-training explained: Exciting new research directions in LLMs (2:12:43) Advice for beginners on how to get into AI development research (2:35:36) Work culture in AI (72+ hour weeks) (2:39:22) Silicon Valley bubble (2:43:19) Text diffusion models and other new research directions (2:49:01) Tool use (2:53:17) Continual learning (2:58:39) Long context (3:04:54) Robotics (3:14:04) Timeline to AGI (3:21:20) Will AI replace programmers? (3:39:51) Is the dream of AGI dying? (3:46:40) How AI will make money? (3:51:02) Big acquisitions in 2026 (3:55:34) Future of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google DeepMind, xAI, Meta (4:08:08) Manhattan Project for AI (4:14:42) Future of NVIDIA, GPUs, and AI compute clusters (4:22:48) Future of human civilization

Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author of a new book titled Junglekeeper, and is someone who has dedicated his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep489-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-3-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Junglekeeper (new book): https://amzn.to/4q7vpAp Pauls Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie Junglekeepers Website: https://junglekeepers.org Pauls Website: https://paulrosolie.com Mother of God (book): https://amzn.to/3ww2ob1 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/ BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (02:34) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (12:00) Uncontacted tribes in the Amazon Jungle (19:46) Intense new encounter (42:52) Never-before-seen footage of tribe warriors (56:08) The mysteries of the jungle (1:10:43) Tribes diet: Monkeys, turtles, and turtle eggs (1:20:19) Jane Goodall (1:26:31) Advice for young people (1:35:45) Cartel, Narco-traffickers assassination attempts (1:57:45) Climbing the giant tree (2:08:43) Giant anaconda (2:26:01) Rescuing a spider monkey (2:32:05) Dangerous animal encounters (2:42:13) Writing, journaling, and great writer inspirations PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Joel David Hamkins is a mathematician and philosopher specializing in set theory, the foundations of mathematics, and the nature of infinity, and hes the #1 highest-rated user on MathOverflow. He is also the author of several books, including Proof and the Art of Mathematics and Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics. And he has a great blog called Infinitely More. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep488-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/joel-david-hamkins-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Joels X: https://x.com/JDHamkins Joels Website: https://jdh.hamkins.org Joels Substack: https://www.infinitelymore.xyz Joels MathOverflow: https://mathoverflow.net/users/1946/joel-david-hamkins Joels Papers: https://jdh.hamkins.org/publications Joels Books: Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics: https://amzn.to/3MThaAt Proof and the Art of Mathematics: https://amzn.to/3YACc9A SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://www.perplexity.ai/ Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex Chevron: Reliable energy for data centers. Go to https://chevron.com/power Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:58) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (15:40) Infinity paradoxes (1:02:50) Russells paradox (1:15:57) Gödels incompleteness theorems (1:33:28) Truth vs proof (1:44:52) The Halting Problem (2:00:45) Does infinity exist? (2:18:19) MathOverflow (2:22:12) The Continuum Hypothesis (2:31:58) Hardest problems in mathematics (2:41:25) Mathematical multiverse (3:00:18) Surreal numbers (3:10:55) Conways Game of Life (3:13:11) Computability theory (3:23:04) P vs NP (3:26:21) Greatest mathematicians in history (3:40:05) Infinite chess (3:58:24) Most beautiful idea in mathematics

Irving Finkel is a scholar of ancient languages and a longtime curator at the British Museum, renowned for his expertise in Mesopotamian history and cuneiform writing. He specializes in reading and interpreting cuneiform inscriptions, including tablets from Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian contexts. He became widely known for studying a tablet with a Mesopotamian flood story that predates the biblical Noah narrative, which he presented in his book The Ark Before Noah and in a documentary that involved building a circular ark based on the tablets technical instructions. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep487-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/irving-finkel-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Irvings Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drirvingfinkel/ The Ark Before Noah (book): https://amzn.to/4j2U0DW Irving Lectures Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYXwZvOwHjVcFUi9iEqirkXRaCUJdXGha British Museum Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0LQM0SAx603A6p5EJ9DVcESqQReT7QyK British Museum Website: https://www.britishmuseum.org/ The Great Diary Project: https://thegreatdiaryproject.co.uk/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ Chevron: Reliable energy for data centers. Go to https://chevron.com/power LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:43) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:53) Origins of human language (15:59) Cuneiform (23:12) Controversial theory about Göbekli Tepe (34:23) How to write and speak Cuneiform (39:42) Primitive human language (41:26) Development of writing systems (42:20) Decipherment of Cuneiform (54:51) Limits of language (59:51) Art of translation (1:05:01) Gods (1:10:25) Ghosts (1:20:13) Ancient flood stories (1:30:21) Noahs Ark (1:41:44) The Royal Game of Ur (1:54:43) British Museum (2:02:08) Evolution of human civilization

Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep486-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/michael-levin-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Michael Levins X: https://x.com/drmichaellevin Michael Levins Website: https://drmichaellevin.org Michael Levins Papers: https://drmichaellevin.org/publications/ Biological Robots: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00880 Classical Sorting Algorithms: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.05375 Aging as a Morphostasis Defect: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38636560/ TAME: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10346 Synthetic Living Machines: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf1571 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:29) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:09) Biological intelligence (18:42) Living vs non-living organisms (23:55) Origin of life (27:40) The search for alien life (on Earth) (1:00:44) Creating life in the lab Xenobots and Anthrobots (1:13:46) Memories and ideas are living organisms (1:27:26) Reality is an illusion: The brain is an interface to a hidden reality (2:13:13) Unexpected Intelligence in sorting algorithms (2:38:51) Can aging be reversed? (2:42:41) Mind uploading (3:01:22) Alien intelligence (3:16:17) Advice for young people (3:22:46) Questions for AGI

David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the worlds first commercial fusion power plant by 2028. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Davids X: https://x.com/dekirtley Davids LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp Helion: https://www.helionenergy.com/ Helions YouTube: https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (03:00) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:35) Nuclear fission vs fusion (21:35) Physics of E=mc^2 (26:50) Is nuclear fusion safe? (32:11) Chernobyl (38:38) Geopolitics (40:33) Extreme scenarios (47:28) How nuclear fusion works (1:20:20) Extreme temperatures (1:25:21) Fusion control and simulation (1:37:15) Electricity from fusion (2:11:20) First fusion power plant in 2028 (2:18:13) Energy needs of GPU clusters (2:28:38) Kardashev scale (2:36:33) Fermi Paradox PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Dan Houser is co-founder of Rockstar Games and is a legendary creative mind behind Grand Theft Auto (GTA) and Red Dead Redemption series of video games. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep484-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dan-houser-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Absurd Adventures: https://absurdventures.com A Better Paradise: https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0FCYSK8VD American Caper: https://absurdventures.com/americancaper SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Box: Intelligent content management platform. Go to https://box.com/ai UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:29) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:32) Greatest films of all time (23:45) Making video games (26:36) GTA 3 (29:55) Open world video games (32:42) Character creation (36:09) Superintelligent AI in A Better Paradise (45:21) Can LLMs write video games? (49:41) Creating GTA 4 and GTA 5 (1:01:16) Hard work and Rockstars culture of excellence (1:04:56) GTA 6 (1:21:46) Red Dead Redemption 2 (2:01:39) DLCs for GTA and Red Dead Redemption (2:07:58) Leaving Rockstar Games (2:17:22) Greatest game of all time (2:22:10) Life lessons from father (2:24:29) Mortality (2:41:47) Advice for young people (2:47:49) Future of video games PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Julia Shaw is a criminal psychologist and author who in her books explores human nature, including psychopathy, violent crime, the psychology of evil, police interrogation, false memory manipulation, deception detection, and human sexuality. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep483-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/julia-shaw-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Julias Instagram: https://instagram.com/drjuliashaw Julias Website: https://www.drjuliashaw.com/ Julias Linktree: https://linktr.ee/drjuliashaw Julias LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drjuliashaw/ Julias Books: https://amzn.to/4mQBnTV Green Crime (US Book): https://amzn.to/4nLfSVE Green Crime (Canadian Book): https://amzn.to/47lBAdc SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:00) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:16) Dark Tetrad Psychopathy, Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Sadism (29:23) Serial killers (43:59) Murder (51:51) Lies and scams (56:38) Jealousy (1:00:07) Monogamy (1:05:20) Sexuality (1:20:21) Sexual fetishes (1:35:56) Criminal psychology (1:39:04) False memories (2:25:01) Criminals destroying the planet (2:40:24) Hope PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Pavel Durov is the founder and CEO of Telegram. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep482-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/pavel-durov-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Pavels Telegram: https://t.me/durov Pavels X: https://x.com/durov Telegram: https://telegram.org/ Telegram Contests: https://contest.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/ UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (02:46) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:29) Philosophy of freedom (14:37) No alcohol (22:42) No phone (28:38) Discipline (49:50) Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics (1:05:12) Arrest in France (1:21:23) Romanian elections (1:32:18) Power and corruption (1:41:50) Intense education (1:53:51) Nikolai Durov (1:58:19) Programming and video games (2:02:33) VK origins engineering (2:19:46) Hiring a great team (2:29:02) Telegram engineering design (2:48:04) Encryption (2:53:01) Open source (2:57:48) Edward Snowden (3:00:20) Intelligence agencies (3:01:32) Iran and Russia government pressure (3:04:41) Apple (3:11:38) Poisoning (3:43:53) Money (3:52:45) TON (4:02:35) Bitcoin (4:05:34) Two chairs dilemma (4:12:14) Children (4:23:24) Father (4:27:55) Quantum immortality (4:34:27) Kafka PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Norman Ohler is a historian and author of Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich, a book that investigates the role of psychoactive drugs, particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine, in the military history of World War II. It is a book that two legendary historians Ian Kershaw and Antony Beevor give very high praise for its depth of research. Norman also wrote Tripped: Nazi Germany, the CIA, and the Dawn of the Psychedelic Age, and he is working on a new book Stoned Sapiens looking at the history of human civilization through the lens of drugs. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep481-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/norman-ohler-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Stoned Sapiens Substack: https://substack.com/@stonedsapiens Normans X: https://x.com/normanohler Normans Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/normanohler Normans YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Norman-Ohler Normans Website: https://www.normanohler.de Normans books: https://amzn.to/46uNS18 Blitzed: https://amzn.to/4mmY2XC The Bohemians: https://amzn.to/3KubPhK Tripped: https://amzn.to/4nEy7eX SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:09) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:00) Drugs in post-WWI Germany (19:18) Nazi rise to power (23:45) Hitlers drug use (29:37) Response to historian criticism (46:16) Pervitin (1:00:15) Blitzkrieg and meth (1:18:52) Erwin Rommel (Crystal Fox) (1:23:02) Dunkirk (1:31:06) Hitlers drug addiction (1:47:03) Methamphetamine (1:48:57) Invasion of Soviet Union (2:07:54) Cocaine (2:16:49) Hitlers last days (2:36:48) German resistance against Nazis (2:58:59) Totalitarianism (3:04:09) Stoned Sapiens Drugs in human history (3:19:20) Religion (3:30:09) LSD, CIA, and MKUltra (3:55:39) Writing on drugs (4:08:40) Berlin night clubs (4:19:14) Greatest book ever written

Dave Hone is a paleontologist, expert on dinosaurs, co-host of the Terrible Lizards podcast, and author of numerous scientific papers and books on the behavior and ecology of dinosaurs. He lectures at Queen Mary University of London on topics of Ecology, Zoology, Biology, and Evolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep480-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dave-hone-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Daves Website: https://www.davehone.co.uk/ Daves Books: https://amzn.to/4pbk828 Terrible Lizards Podcast: https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/ Daves Blog: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/ Daves Academic Website: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.html SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:22) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:18) T-Rexs size biomechanics (31:00) T-Rexs hunting strategies (44:07) History of dinosaurs on Earth (1:04:38) $31.8 million T-Rex fossil (1:17:44) T-Rexs skull and bone-crushing bite force (1:36:33) What Jurassic Park got wrong (1:54:52) Evolution and sexual selection (2:15:26) Spinosaurus (2:26:02) What Jurassic Park got right (2:33:35) T-Rexs intelligence (2:43:34) Cannibalism among T-Rex (2:49:05) Extinction of the dinosaurs (3:06:15) Dragons (3:22:39) Birds are dinosaurs (3:33:23) Future of paleontology PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Dave Plummer is a programmer, former Microsoft software engineer (Windows 95, NT, XP), creator of Task Manager, author of two books on autism, and host of the Daves Garage YouTube channel, where he shares stories from his career, insights on software development, and deep dives into technology. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep479-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Daves X: https://x.com/davepl1968 Daves YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@DavesGarage Daves Secondary YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@davepl Daves GitHub: https://github.com/PlummersSoftwareLLC Daves Books: https://amzn.to/41qd5IB SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex ZocDoc: App that helps patients find healthcare providers. Go to https://zocdoc.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (01:14) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:16) First computer (15:54) Dropping out of high-school (23:35) Joining Microsoft (25:47) MS-DOS (28:59) Windows 95 (35:46) The man behind Windows (40:42) Debugging (45:59) Task Manager (51:08) 3D Pinball: Space Cadet (56:07) Start menu and taskbar (1:07:06) Blue Screen of Death (1:09:15) Best programmers (1:17:16) Scariest time of Daves life (1:24:44) Best Windows version (1:26:34) Slot machines (1:30:17) Autism and ADHD (1:49:37) Fastest programming language (1:53:42) Future of programming PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Scott Horton is the director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, co-host of Provoked, and for the past three decades a staunch critic of U.S. military interventionism. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep478-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Supplemental Notes Corrections: https://lexfridman.com/scott-horton-links-and-notes/ Scotts X: https://x.com/scotthortonshow Scott Horton Show: https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow Provoked Show: https://youtube.com/@Provoked_Show Scotts Substack: https://scotthortonshow.com/ Scotts Website: https://scotthorton.org/ Scotts Books: https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y Libertarian Institute: https://libertarianinstitute.org/ Antiwar.com: https://antiwar.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:35) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:14) From the Cold War to the War on Terror (1:02:13) Iraq War 1 (1:30:17) Bin Laden (2:29:39) Afghanistan War (2:44:35) Iraq War 2 (3:10:59) Military Industrial Complex (3:50:25) Scotts life story (4:20:15) Iraq War 2 (continued) (5:11:43) Syria (6:05:01) Iraq War 3 (6:17:28) Somalia (6:22:56) Iran (7:12:41) Israel-Palestine (9:02:19) Cold War 2.0 PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Keyu Jin is an economist specializing in Chinas economy, international macroeconomics, global trade imbalances, and financial policy. She is the author of The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep477-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/keyu-jin-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Keyus X: https://x.com/KeyuJin Keyus Website: https://keyujin.com/ The New China Playbook (Book): https://amzn.to/4lpgmyK SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:35) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:26) Misconceptions about China (12:57) Education in China (22:14) Economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping (27:33) Mayor economy and GDP growth race (41:20) Growing up in China (46:58) First time in the US (51:12) Chinas government vs business sector (54:46) Communism and capitalism (58:25) Jack Ma (1:04:37) Chinas view on innovation and copying ideas (1:11:15) DeepSeek moment (1:15:09) CHIPS Act (1:16:56) Tariffs and Trade (1:29:21) Immigration (1:34:08) Taiwan (1:39:54) One-child policy (1:47:51) Chinas economy collapse predictions (1:52:34) Advice for visiting China PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jack Weatherford is an anthropologist and historian specializing in Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep476-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jack-weatherford-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Jacks Books: https://amzn.to/3ISziZr Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World: https://amzn.to/4l45LsY The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: https://amzn.to/4l22uud Genghis Khan and the Quest for God: https://amzn.to/4fpOQA4 Emperor of the Seas: Kublai Khan and the Making of China: https://amzn.to/40JEll1 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Allio Capital: AI-powered investment app that uses global macroeconomic trends. Go to https://alliocapital.com/ ZocDoc: App that helps patients find healthcare providers. Go to https://zocdoc.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:44) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:44) Origin story of Genghis Khan (52:30) Early battles conquests (1:05:11) Power (1:07:33) Secret History (1:20:58) Mongolian steppe (1:24:16) Mounted archery and horse-riding (1:32:36) Genghis Khans army (1:48:49) Military tactics and strategy (2:01:13) Wars of conquest (2:05:37) Dan Carlin (2:15:37) Religious freedom (2:31:24) Trade and the Silk Road (2:40:10) Weapons innovation (2:41:40) Kublai Khan and conquering China (3:23:31) Fall of the Mongol Empire (3:50:26) Genetic legacy (4:00:20) Lessons from Genghis Khan (4:10:36) Human nature (4:13:47) Visiting Mongolia (4:33:15) Lex: Dan Carlin (4:36:06) Lex: Gaza PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Demis Hassabis is the CEO of Google DeepMind and Nobel Prize winner for his groundbreaking work in protein structure prediction using AI. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep475-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/demis-hassabis-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Demiss X: https://x.com/demishassabis DeepMinds X: https://x.com/GoogleDeepMind DeepMinds Instagram: https://instagram.com/GoogleDeepMind DeepMinds Website: https://deepmind.google/ Geminis Website: https://gemini.google.com/ Isomorphic Labs: https://isomorphiclabs.com/ The MANIAC (book): https://amzn.to/4lOXJ81 Life Ascending (book): https://amzn.to/3AhUP7z SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:29) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:40) Learnable patterns in nature (12:22) Computation and P vs NP (21:00) Veo 3 and understanding reality (25:24) Video games (37:26) AlphaEvolve (43:27) AI research (47:51) Simulating a biological organism (52:34) Origin of life (58:49) Path to AGI (1:09:35) Scaling laws (1:12:51) Compute (1:15:38) Future of energy (1:19:34) Human nature (1:24:28) Google and the race to AGI (1:42:27) Competition and AI talent (1:49:01) Future of programming (1:55:27) John von Neumann (2:04:41) p(doom) (2:09:24) Humanity (2:12:30) Consciousness and quantum computation (2:18:40) David Foster Wallace (2:25:54) Education and research PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

David Heinemeier Hansson (aka DHH) is a legendary programmer, creator of Ruby on Rails, co-owner CTO of 37signals that created Basecamp, HEY, ONCE, and is a NYT-best-selling author (with Jason Fried) of 4 books: REWORK, REMOTE, Getting Real, and It Doesnt Have To Be Crazy At Work. He is also a race car driver, including a class-winning performance at the 24 hour Le Mans race. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep474-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dhh-david-heinemeier-hansson-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: DHHs X: https://x.com/dhh DHHs Website: https://dhh.dk/ Ruby on Rails: https://rubyonrails.org/ 37signals: https://37signals.com/ DHHs books: Rework: https://amzn.to/44rSKob Remote: https://amzn.to/44GFJ91 It Doesnt Have to Be Crazy at Work: https://amzn.to/46bzuwx Getting Real: https://amzn.to/4kzoMDg SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:58) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:48) Programming early days (26:13) JavaScript (36:32) Google Chrome and DOJ (44:19) Ruby programming language (51:30) Beautiful code (1:09:31) Metaprogramming (1:12:52) Dynamic typing (1:20:10) Scaling (1:33:03) Future of programming (1:50:34) Future of AI (1:56:29) Vibe coding (2:05:01) Rails manifesto: Principles of a great programming language (2:29:27) Why managers are useless (2:38:48) Small teams (2:44:55) Jeff Bezos (3:00:13) Why meetings are toxic (3:07:58) Case against retirement (3:15:15) Hard work (3:20:53) Why we left the cloud (3:24:04) AWS (3:33:22) Owning your own servers (3:39:35) Elon Musk (3:49:17) Apple (4:01:03) Tim Sweeney (4:12:37) Fatherhood (4:38:19) Racing (5:05:23) Cars (5:10:41) Programming setup (5:25:51) Programming language for beginners (5:39:09) Open source (5:48:01) WordPress drama (5:59:18) Money and happiness (6:08:11) Hope

Debate on Iran war between Scott Horton and Mark Dubowitz. Scott Horton is the author and director of the Libertarian Institute, editorial director of Antiwar.com, host of The Scott Horton Show, and for the past three decades, a staunch critic of U.S. foreign policy and military interventionism. Mark Dubowitz is the chief executive of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, host of the Iran Breakdown podcast, and a leading expert on Iran and its nuclear program for over 20 years. This debate was recorded on Tuesday, June 24, after the Iran-Israel ceasefire was declared. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep473-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/iran-war-debate-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Marks X: https://x.com/mdubowitz Marks Podcast: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmEsAFBNkqsMQnt5pypwEX0ul0NyIjd3E The Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD): https://www.fdd.org/ Scotts X: https://x.com/scotthortonshow Scotts YouTube: https://youtube.com/@scotthortonshow Scotts Podcast: https://www.scotthortonshow.com/ Scotts Website: https://scotthorton.org/ Scotts Books: https://amzn.to/3T9Qg7y The Libertarian Institute: https://libertarianinstitute.org/ Antiwar.com: https://antiwar.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:36) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:02) Iran-Israel War (16:45) Irans Nuclear Program (48:37) Nuclear weapons and uranium (1:00:40) Nuclear deal (1:26:14) Iran Nuclear Archive (1:48:50) Best case and worst case near-term future (2:24:15) US attack on Iran Operation Midnight Hammer (2:47:48) Nuclear proliferation in the future (3:08:46) Libertarianism (3:21:35) Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) (3:37:10) Trump and Peacemaking process (3:42:08) WW2 (3:55:08) WW3

Terence Tao is widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history. He won the Fields Medal and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, and has contributed to a wide range of fields from fluid dynamics with Navier-Stokes equations to mathematical physics quantum mechanics, prime numbers analytics number theory, harmonic analysis, compressed sensing, random matrix theory, combinatorics, and progress on many of the hardest problems in the history of mathematics. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep472-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/terence-tao-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Terences Blog: https://terrytao.wordpress.com/ Terences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TerenceTao27 Terences Books: https://amzn.to/43H9Aiq SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:36) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:49) First hard problem (15:16) Navier–Stokes singularity (35:25) Game of life (42:00) Infinity (47:07) Math vs Physics (53:26) Nature of reality (1:16:08) Theory of everything (1:22:09) General relativity (1:25:37) Solving difficult problems (1:29:00) AI-assisted theorem proving (1:41:50) Lean programming language (1:51:50) DeepMinds AlphaProof (1:56:45) Human mathematicians vs AI (2:06:37) AI winning the Fields Medal (2:13:47) Grigori Perelman (2:26:29) Twin Prime Conjecture (2:43:04) Collatz conjecture (2:49:50) P = NP (2:52:43) Fields Medal (3:00:18) Andrew Wiles and Fermats Last Theorem (3:04:15) Productivity (3:06:54) Advice for young people (3:15:17) The greatest mathematician of all time PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Sundar Pichai is CEO of Google and Alphabet. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep471-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sundar-pichai-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Sundars X: https://x.com/sundarpichai Sundars Instagram: https://instagram.com/sundarpichai Sundars Blog: https://blog.google/authors/sundar-pichai/ Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/ Googles YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Google SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:07) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:55) Growing up in India (14:04) Advice for young people (15:46) Styles of leadership (20:07) Impact of AI in human history (32:17) Veo 3 and future of video (40:01) Scaling laws (43:46) AGI and ASI (50:11) P(doom) (57:02) Toughest leadership decisions (1:08:09) AI mode vs Google Search (1:21:00) Google Chrome (1:36:30) Programming (1:43:14) Android (1:48:27) Questions for AGI (1:53:42) Future of humanity (1:57:04) Demo: Google Beam (2:04:46) Demo: Google XR Glasses (2:07:31) Biggest invention in human history PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

James Holland is a historian specializing in World War II. He hosts a podcast called WW2 Pod: We Have Ways of Making You Talk. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep470-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/james-holland-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Jamess Books: https://amzn.to/4caapmt Jamess X: https://x.com/James1940 Jamess Instagram: https://instagram.com/jamesholland1940 Jamess Substack: https://james1940.substack.com WW2 Pod (Podcast Apple): https://apple.co/4l93Dl3 WW2 Pod (Podcast YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/@wehaveways WW2 Pod (Podcast Spotify): https://open.spotify.com/show/34VlAepHmeloDD76RX4jtc WW2 Pod (Podcast X): https://x.com/WeHaveWaysPod SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:34) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:25) World War II (17:23) Lebensraum and Hitler ideology (24:36) Operation Barbarossa (40:49) Hitler vs Europe (1:02:35) Joseph Goebbels (1:12:29) Hitler before WW2 (1:17:25) Hitler vs Chamberlain (1:39:31) Invasion of Poland (1:44:07) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1:52:09) Winston Churchill (2:16:09) Most powerful military in WW2 (2:38:31) Tanks (2:48:30) Battle of Stalingrad (3:01:21) Concentration camps (3:10:53) Battle of Normandy (3:24:45) Lessons from WW2 PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Oliver Anthony is singer-songwriter who first gained worldwide fame with his viral hit Rich Men North of Richmond. He became a voice for many who are voiceless, with many of his songs speaking to the struggle of the working class in modern American life. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep469-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/oliver-anthony-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Olivers X: https://x.com/AintGottaDollar Olivers Instagram: https://instagram.com/oliver_anthony_music_ Olivers YouTube: https://youtube.com/@oliveranthonymusic Olivers TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@oliveranthonymusic Olivers Website: https://oliveranthonymusic.com/ Olivers FaceBook: https://facebook.com/OliverAnthonyMusicOfficial/ Olivers Linktree: https://linktr.ee/oliveranthonymusic SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (09:00) Open mics (13:03) Mainstream country music (22:10) Fame (28:06) Music vs politics (36:56) Rich Men North of Richmond (47:06) Popularity, money, and integrity (1:01:54) Blue-collar people (1:13:57) Depression (1:38:50) Nature (2:01:26) Three-legged cat (2:09:57) I Want to Go Home (live performance) (2:13:36) Guitar backstory (2:17:58) Playing live this year PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Janna Levin is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist specializing in black holes, cosmology of extra dimensions, topology of the universe, and gravitational waves. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep468-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/janna-levin-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Jannas X: https://x.com/JannaLevin Jannas Website: https://jannalevin.com Jannas Instagram: https://instagram.com/jannalevin Jannas Substack: https://substack.com/@jannalevin Black Hole Survival Guide (book): https://amzn.to/3YkJzT5 Black Hole Blues (book): https://amzn.to/42Nw7IE How the Universe Got Its Spots (book): https://amzn.to/4m5De8k A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines (book): https://amzn.to/3GGakvd SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Brain.fm: Music for focus. Go to https://brain.fm/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:51) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:21) Black holes (16:55) Formation of black holes (27:45) Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bomb (34:08) Inside the black hole (47:10) Supermassive black holes (50:39) Physics of spacetime (53:42) General relativity (59:13) Gravity (1:15:47) Information paradox (1:24:17) Fuzzballs soft hair (1:27:28) ER = EPR (1:34:07) Firewall (1:42:59) Extra dimensions (1:45:24) Aliens (2:01:00) Wormholes (2:11:57) Dark matter and dark energy (2:22:00) Gravitational waves (2:34:08) Alan Turing and Kurt Godel (2:46:23) Grigori Perelman, Andrew Wiles, and Terence Tao (2:52:58) Art and science (3:02:37) The biggest mystery PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Tim Sweeney is a legendary video game programmer, founder and CEO of Epic Games that created the Unreal Engine, Fortnite, Gears of War, Unreal Tournament, and many other groundbreaking and influential video games. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep467-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/tim-sweeney-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Tims X: https://x.com/timsweeneyepic Epic Games: https://epicgames.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (08:25) 10,000 hours programming (11:42) Advice for young programmers (19:54) Video games in the 80s and 90s (22:02) Epic Games origin story (34:40) Indie game development (40:34) Unreal Engine (1:06:30) Technical details of Unreal Engine (1:11:23) Constructive solid geometry (1:17:21) Dynamic lighting (1:21:51) Volumetric fog (1:25:19) John Carmack (1:27:05) Evolution of Unreal Engine (1:33:21) Unreal Engine 5 (1:44:32) Creating realistic humans (1:53:41) Lumen global illumination (1:58:11) Movies (2:12:53) Simulating reality (2:25:08) Metaverse (2:27:44) Fortnite (2:31:40) Scaling (2:47:04) Game economies (2:48:33) Standardizing the Metaverse (2:56:46) Verse programming language (3:18:19) Concurrency (3:25:56) Unreal Engine 6 (3:30:34) Indie game developers (3:33:32) Apple (3:48:12) Epic Games Store (4:11:03) Future of gaming (4:17:03) Greatest games ever made (4:22:39) GTA 6 and Rockstar Games (4:25:58) Hope for the future PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Jeffrey Wasserstrom is a historian of modern China. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep466-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jeffrey-wasserstrom-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Jeffrey Wasserstroms Books: China in the 21st Century: https://amzn.to/3GnayXT Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink: https://amzn.to/4jmxWmT Oxford History of Modern China: https://amzn.to/3RAJ9nI The Milk Tea Alliance: https://amzn.to/42DLapH SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:06) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:29) Xi Jinping and Mao Zedong (13:57) Confucius (21:27) Education (29:33) Tiananmen Square (40:49) Tank Man (50:49) Censorship (1:26:45) Xi Jinping (1:44:53) Donald Trump (1:48:47) Trade war (2:01:35) Taiwan (2:11:48) Protests in Hong Kong (2:44:07) Mao Zedong (3:05:48) Future of China PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Robert Rodriguez is a legendary filmmaker and creator of Sin City, El Mariachi, Desperado, Spy Kids, Machete, From Dusk Till Dawn, Alita: Battle Angel, The Faculty, and his newest venture Brass Knuckle Films. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep465-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/robert-rodriguez-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Roberts X: https://x.com/rodriguez Roberts Instagram: https://instagram.com/rodriguez/ Brass Knuckle Films: https://brassknucklefilms.com/ Rebel without a Crew (book): https://amzn.to/3G7gtQJ Rebel without a Crew (audiobook): https://amzn.to/3Ri5wyc SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Invideo AI: AI video generator. Go to https://invideo.io/i/lexpod Brain.fm: Music for focus. Go to https://brain.fm/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (10:04) Explosions and having only one take (17:39) Success and failure (26:28) Filmmaking on a low budget (38:41) El Mariachi (50:10) Creativity (1:12:06) Limitations (1:18:22) Handling criticism (1:34:32) Action films (1:45:53) Quentin Tarantino (1:55:52) Desperado (1:56:54) Salma Hayek (2:01:40) Danny Trejo (2:06:55) Filming in Austin (2:13:05) Editing (2:22:35) Sound design (2:27:43) Deadlines (2:31:14) Alita: Battle Angel (2:39:36) James Cameron (2:52:39) Sin City (3:06:48) Manifesting (3:18:12) Memories and journaling (3:27:56) Mortality PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Dave Smith is a comedian, libertarian, political commentator, and the host of Part of the Problem podcast. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep464-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dave-smith-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Daves X: https://x.com/ComicDaveSmith Daves YouTube: https://youtube.com/DSmithcomic Daves Instagram: https://instagram.com/theproblemdavesmith Daves Website: https://comicdavesmith.com/ Part of the Problem Podcast: https://partoftheproblem.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Call of Duty: First-person shooter video game. Go to https://callofduty.com/warzone Tax Network USA: Full-service tax firm. Go to https://tnusa.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (00:10) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:32) Libertarianism (10:47) Ron Paul (13:59) Military–industrial complex (20:53) War on Terror (33:12) China and Taiwan (41:00) Just war theory (48:09) Israel and Gaza (1:05:35) Douglas Murray (1:13:29) Hamas (1:29:48) Hitler and Stalin (1:32:01) Darryl Cooper (1:41:13) Antisemitism (1:54:46) World leaders (2:07:21) Jeffrey Epstein (2:15:24) Sam Harris (2:28:07) Ukraine and Russia (2:47:32) Joe Rogan (3:00:01) Conspiracy theories (3:17:52) Hope PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Douglas Murray is the author of On Democracies and Death Cults, The War on The West, and The Madness of Crowds. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep463-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/douglas-murray-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Douglass X: https://x.com/DouglasKMurray Douglass YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@douglasmurray Douglass Instagram: https://instagram.com/douglaskmurray Douglass Website: https://douglasmurray.net On Democracies and Death Cults (book): https://amzn.to/4jahsxL The War on the West (book): https://amzn.to/38L7B36 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Call of Duty: First-person shooter video game. Go to https://callofduty.com/warzone Oracle: Cloud infrastructure. Go to https://oracle.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (02:04) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:31) War in Ukraine (13:17) Trump and Zelenskyy (27:47) Putin (48:40) Peace (58:31) Zelenskyy (1:13:11) Israel-Palestine (1:23:57) Hamas (1:38:30) Corruption (1:41:40) Gaza (2:02:18) Benjamin Netanyahu (2:19:29) Hate (2:43:59) Iran (2:54:48) Interview advice (3:09:12) War PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Ezra Klein is one of the most influential voices representing the left-wing of American politics. He is a columnist for the NY Times and host of The Ezra Klein Show. Derek Thompson is a writer at The Atlantic and host of the Plain English podcast. Together they have written a new book titled Abundance that lays out a set of ideas for the future of the Democratic party. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep462-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/ezra-klein-and-derek-thompson-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Abundance (new book): https://amzn.to/4iZ1S8J Ezras X: https://x.com/ezraklein/ Ezras Instagram: https://instagram.com/ezraklein Ezras YouTube: https://youtube.com/EzraKleinShow The New York Times: https://nytimes.com/by/ezra-klein Dereks X: https://x.com/dkthomp Plain English (podcast): https://www.theringer.com/podcasts/plain-english-with-derek-thompson The Atlantic: https://theatlantic.com/author/derek-thompson/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Call of Duty: First-person shooter video game. Go to https://callofduty.com/warzone LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (03:17) Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:33) Left-wing vs right-wing politics (19:54) Political leaders on the left and the right (44:29) Internal political divisions (47:29) AOC (58:50) Political realignment (1:10:32) Supply-side progressivism (1:17:42) Wealth redistribution (1:27:50) Housing problem (1:44:09) Regulation and deregulation (2:00:43) DOGE, Elon, and Trump (2:59:46) Sam Harris (3:09:24) Future of America PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

ThePrimeagen (aka Michael Paulson) is a programmer who has educated, entertained, and inspired millions of people to build software and have fun doing it. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep461-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: ThePrimeagens X: https://twitter.com/ThePrimeagen ThePrimeagens YouTube: https://youtube.com/ThePrimeTimeagen ThePrimeagens Twitch: https://twitch.tv/ThePrimeagen ThePrimeagens GitHub: https://github.com/theprimeagen ThePrimeagens TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@theprimeagen ThePrimeagens Coffee: https://www.terminal.shop/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Invideo AI: AI video generator. Go to https://invideo.io/i/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (10:27) Love for programming (20:00) Hardest part of programming (22:16) Types of programming (29:54) Life story (39:58) Hardship (41:29) High school (47:15) Porn addiction (57:01) God (1:12:44) Perseverance (1:22:40) Netflix (1:35:08) Groovy (1:40:13) Printf() debugging (1:46:35) Falcor (1:56:05) Breaking production (1:58:49) Pieter Levels (2:03:19) Netflix, Twitch, and YouTube infrastructure (2:15:22) ThePrimeagen origin story (2:30:37) Learning programming languages (2:39:40) Best programming languages in 2025 (2:44:35) Python (2:45:15) HTML CSS (2:46:05) Bash (2:46:45) FFmpeg (2:53:28) Performance (2:56:00) Rust (3:00:48) Epic projects (3:14:12) Asserts (3:23:26) ADHD (3:31:34) Productivity (3:35:58) Programming setup (4:11:28) Coffee (4:18:32) Programming with AI (5:01:16) Advice for young programmers (5:12:48) Reddit questions (5:20:20) God PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India. On YouTube this episode is available in English, Hindi, Russian (and soon other languages). Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided (for the main episode video on YouTube) in English, Hindi, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed-language version, please select the Hindi (Latin) audio track. The default is English overdub. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep460-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/narendra-modi-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Narendra Modis X: https://x.com/narendramodi Narendra Modis Instagram: https://instagram.com/narendramodi Narendra Modis YouTube: https://youtube.com/narendramodi Narendra Modis Website: https://narendramodi.in/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Brain.fm: Music for focus. Go to https://brain.fm/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (17:24) Fasting (29:42) Early life (41:38) Advice to Young People (47:20) Journey in the Himalayas (58:50) Becoming a monk (1:00:37) RSS and Hindu nationalism (1:08:22) Explaining India (1:12:32) Mahatma Gandhi (1:24:27) Path to peace in Ukraine (1:27:41) India and Pakistan (1:33:21) Cricket and Football (1:37:45) Donald Trump (1:48:56) China and Xi Jinping (1:56:01) Gujarat riots in 2002 (2:11:37) Biggest democracy in the world (2:21:53) Power (2:26:39) Hard work (2:29:46) Srinivasa Ramanujan (2:31:53) Decision-making process (2:39:40) AI (2:49:55) Education (3:00:10) Learning and focus (3:06:01) Mantra (3:07:45) Meditation (3:13:43) Lex visiting India (3:18:08) Siddhartha

Dylan Patel is the founder of SemiAnalysis, a research analysis company specializing in semiconductors, GPUs, CPUs, and AI hardware. Nathan Lambert is a research scientist at the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) and the author of a blog on AI called Interconnects. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep459-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/deepseek-dylan-patel-nathan-lambert-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Dylans X: https://x.com/dylan522p SemiAnalysis: https://semianalysis.com/ Nathans X: https://x.com/natolambert Nathans Blog: https://www.interconnects.ai/ Nathans Podcast: https://www.interconnects.ai/podcast Nathans Website: https://www.natolambert.com/ Nathans YouTube: https://youtube.com/@natolambert Nathans Book: https://rlhfbook.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Invideo AI: AI video generator. Go to https://invideo.io/i/lexpod GitHub: Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://gh.io/copilot Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (13:28) DeepSeek-R1 and DeepSeek-V3 (35:02) Low cost of training (1:01:19) DeepSeek compute cluster (1:08:52) Export controls on GPUs to China (1:19:10) AGI timeline (1:28:35) Chinas manufacturing capacity (1:36:30) Cold war with China (1:41:00) TSMC and Taiwan (2:04:38) Best GPUs for AI (2:19:30) Why DeepSeek is so cheap (2:32:49) Espionage (2:41:52) Censorship (2:54:46) Andrej Karpathy and magic of RL (3:05:17) OpenAI o3-mini vs DeepSeek r1 (3:24:25) NVIDIA (3:28:53) GPU smuggling (3:35:30) DeepSeek training on OpenAI data (3:45:59) AI megaclusters (4:21:21) Who wins the race to AGI? (4:31:34) AI agents (4:40:16) Programming and AI (4:47:43) Open source (4:56:55) Stargate (5:04:24) Future of AI

Marc Andreessen is an entrepreneur, investor, co-creator of Mosaic, co-founder of Netscape, and co-founder of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep458-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/marc-andreessen-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Marcs X: https://x.com/pmarca Marcs Substack: https://pmarca.substack.com Marcs YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@a16z Andreessen Horowitz: https://a16z.com SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Encord: AI tooling for annotation data management. Go to https://encord.com/lex GitHub: Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://gh.io/copilot Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (12:46) Best possible future (22:09) History of Western Civilization (31:28) Trump in 2025 (39:09) TDS in tech (51:56) Preference falsification (1:07:52) Self-censorship (1:22:55) Censorship (1:31:34) Jon Stewart (1:34:20) Mark Zuckerberg on Joe Rogan (1:43:09) Government pressure (1:53:57) Nature of power (2:06:45) Journalism (2:12:20) Bill Ackman (2:17:17) Trump administration (2:24:56) DOGE (2:38:48) H1B and immigration (3:16:42) Little tech (3:29:02) AI race (3:37:52) X (3:41:24) Yann LeCun (3:44:59) Andrew Huberman (3:46:30) Success (3:49:26) God and humanity PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jennifer Burns is a historian of ideas, focusing on the evolution of economic, political, and social ideas in the United States in the 20th century. She wrote two biographies, one on Milton Friedman, and the other on Ayn Rand. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep457-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jennifer-burns-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Jennifers X: https://x.com/profburns Jennifers Website: https://www.jenniferburns.org Jennifers Books: Milton Friedman biography: https://amzn.to/4hfy1HO Ayn Rand biography: https://amzn.to/4afr3A0 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Brain.fm: Music for focus. Go to https://brain.fm/lex GitHub: Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://gh.io/copilot LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (10:05) Milton Friedman (24:58) The Great Depression (39:15) Schools of economic thought (50:22) Keynesian economics (58:10) Laissez-faire (1:06:00) Friedrich Hayek (1:11:18) Money and monetarism (1:26:03) Stagflation (1:30:56) Moral case for capitalism (1:34:53) Freedom (1:39:51) Ethics of competition (1:43:37) Win-win solutions (1:45:26) Corruption (1:47:51) Government intervention (1:54:10) Conservatism (2:00:33) Donald Trump (2:03:09) Inflation (2:07:38) DOGE (2:12:58) Javier Milei (2:18:03) Richard Nixon (2:25:17) Ronald Reagan (2:28:24) Cryptocurrency (2:43:40) Ayn Rand (2:51:18) The Fountainhead (3:02:58) Sex and power dynamics (3:19:04) Evolution of ideas in history (3:26:32) Postmodernism (3:37:33) Advice to students (3:45:50) Lex reflects on Volodymyr Zelenskyy interview PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Volodymyr Zelenskyy is the President of Ukraine. On YouTube this episode is available in English, Ukrainian, and Russian. Captions and voice-over audio tracks are provided in English, Ukrainian, Russian, and the original mixed-language version, with subtitles available in your preferred language. To listen to the original mixed language version, please select the English (UK) audio track audio track. The default is English overdub. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep456-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/volodymyr-zelenskyy-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: President Zelenskyys X: https://x.com/ZelenskyyUa President Zelenskyys Instagram: https://instagram.com/zelenskyy_official President Zelenskyys Website: https://www.president.gov.ua/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex GitHub: Developer platform and AI code editor. Go to https://gh.io/copilot AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (20:17) Language (30:06) World War II (46:54) Invasion on Feb 24, 2022 (53:30) Negotiating Peace (1:13:47) NATO and security guarantees (1:26:39) Sitting down with Putin and Trump (1:46:09) Compromise and leverage (1:51:38) Putin and Russia (2:01:30) Donald Trump (2:12:01) Martial Law and Elections (2:24:21) Corruption (2:33:06) Elon Musk (2:37:10) Trump Inauguration on Jan 20 (2:40:18) Power dynamics in Ukraine (2:43:50) Future of Ukraine (2:48:32) Choice of language (2:58:02) Podcast prep and research process (3:06:27) Travel and setup (3:12:13) Conclusion PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Adam Frank is an astrophysicist studying star systems and the search for extraterrestrial life and alien civilizations. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep455-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/adam-frank-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Adams Website: https://adamfrankscience.com Adams X: https://x.com/adamfrank4 Adams Instagram: https://instagram.com/adamfrankscience Adams Books: The Little Book of Aliens: https://amzn.to/3OTX1rP Light of the Stars: https://amzn.to/4iMKC6C The Blind Spot: https://amzn.to/4gOCe4K The Constant Fire: https://amzn.to/3ZVnxX4 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Encord: AI tooling for annotation data management. Go to https://encord.com/lex Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (14:22) Planet formation (19:32) Plate tectonics (26:54) Extinction events (31:04) Biosphere (34:02) Technosphere (38:17) Emergence of intelligence (44:29) Drake equation (48:43) Exoplanets (51:28) Habitable zones (54:30) Fermi Paradox (1:03:28) Alien civilizations (1:12:55) Colonizing Mars (1:25:11) Search for aliens (1:41:37) Alien megastructures (1:47:43) Kardashev scale (1:52:56) Detecting aliens (1:59:38) Warp drives (2:05:45) Cryogenics (2:09:03) What aliens look like (2:17:48) Alien contact (2:28:53) UFO sightings (2:40:38) Physics of life (3:06:29) Nature of time (3:22:53) Cognition (3:27:16) Mortality

Saagar Enjeti is a political journalist commentator, co-host of Breaking Points with Krystal and Saagar and The Realignment Podcast. He is exceptionally well-read, and the books he recommends are always fascinating and eye-opening. You can check out all the books he mentions in this episode here: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep454-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-enjeti-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Saagars Book Recommendations: https://lexfridman.com/saagar-books Saagars Substack (where he recommends more books): https://saagarenjeti.substack.com/ Saagars X: https://x.com/esaagar Saagars Instagram: https://instagram.com/esaagar Breaking Points: https://youtube.com/@breakingpoints The Realignment Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@therealignment Saagars Linktree: https://linktr.ee/esaagar SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress cover. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (09:47) Why Trump won (14:48) Book recommendations (18:24) History of wokeism (25:54) History of Scots-Irish (32:32) Biden (36:34) FDR (38:36) George W Bush (40:59) LBJ (46:15) Cuban Missile Crisis (53:48) Immigration (1:25:46) DOGE (1:52:27) MAGA ideology (1:55:39) Bernie Sanders (2:04:00) Obama vs Trump (2:21:00) Nancy Pelosi (2:24:14) Kamala Harris (2:40:00) 2020 Election (3:03:49) Sam Harris (3:14:55) UFOs (3:20:47) Future of the Republican Party (3:27:24) Future of the Democratic Party (3:35:21) Hope

Javier Milei is the President of Argentina. This episode is available in both English and Spanish. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep453-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/javier-milei-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Javier Mileis X: https://x.com/JMilei Javier Mileis Instagram: https://instagram.com/javiermilei Javier Mileis Facebook: https://facebook.com/JavierMileiEconomista SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (14:44) Economic freedom (20:09) Anarcho-capitalism (30:02) Presidency and reforms (49:22) Poverty (55:54) Corruption (1:04:32) Freedom (1:18:43) Elon Musk (1:24:11) DOGE (1:26:13) Donald Trump (1:32:13) US and Argentina relations (1:39:22) Messi vs Maradona (1:48:16) God (1:50:22) Elvis and Rolling Stones (1:54:02) Free market (2:01:03) Loyalty (2:03:40) Advice for young people (2:05:06) Hope for Argentina PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Dario Amodei is the CEO of Anthropic, the company that created Claude. Amanda Askell is an AI researcher working on Claudes character and personality. Chris Olah is an AI researcher working on mechanistic interpretability. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep452-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/dario-amodei-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Claude: https://claude.ai Anthropics X: https://x.com/AnthropicAI Anthropics Website: https://anthropic.com Darios X: https://x.com/DarioAmodei Darios Website: https://darioamodei.com Machines of Loving Grace (Essay): https://darioamodei.com/machines-of-loving-grace Chriss X: https://x.com/ch402 Chriss Blog: https://colah.github.io Amandas X: https://x.com/AmandaAskell Amandas Website: https://askell.io SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Encord: AI tooling for annotation data management. Go to https://encord.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (10:19) Scaling laws (19:25) Limits of LLM scaling (27:51) Competition with OpenAI, Google, xAI, Meta (33:14) Claude (36:50) Opus 3.5 (41:36) Sonnet 3.5 (44:56) Claude 4.0 (49:07) Criticism of Claude (1:01:54) AI Safety Levels (1:12:42) ASL-3 and ASL-4 (1:16:46) Computer use (1:26:41) Government regulation of AI (1:45:30) Hiring a great team (1:54:19) Post-training (1:59:45) Constitutional AI (2:05:11) Machines of Loving Grace (2:24:17) AGI timeline (2:36:52) Programming (2:43:52) Meaning of life (2:49:58) Amanda Askell Philosophy (2:52:26) Programming advice for non-technical people (2:56:15) Talking to Claude (3:12:47) Prompt engineering (3:21:21) Post-training (3:26:00) Constitutional AI (3:30:53) System prompts (3:37:00) Is Claude getting dumber? (3:49:02) Character training (3:50:01) Nature of truth (3:54:38) Optimal rate of failure (4:01:49) AI consciousness (4:16:20) AGI (4:24:58) Chris Olah Mechanistic Interpretability (4:29:49) Features, Circuits, Universality (4:47:23) Superposition (4:58:22) Monosemanticity (5:05:14) Scaling Monosemanticity (5:14:02) Macroscopic behavior of neural networks (5:18:56) Beauty of neural networks

Rick Spence is a historian specializing in the history of intelligence agencies, espionage, secret societies, conspiracies, the occult, and military history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep451-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/rick-spence-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Ricks Website: https://www.uidaho.edu/class/history/faculty-staff/richard-spence Ricks Courses: https://bit.ly/40dIZbw SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (09:04) KGB and CIA (23:21) Okhrana, Cheka, NKVD (38:53) CIA spies vs KGB spies (45:29) Assassinations and mind control (52:23) Jeffrey Epstein (59:15) Bohemian Grove (1:11:09) Occultism (1:22:20) Nazi party and Thule society (2:02:38) Protocols of the Elders of Zion (2:35:43) Charles Manson (3:02:30) Zodiac Killer (3:13:24) Illuminati (3:20:48) Secret societies PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips SOCIAL LINKS: X: https://x.com/lexfridman Instagram: https://instagram.com/lexfridman TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@lexfridman LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/lexfridman Facebook: https://facebook.com/lexfridman Patreon: https://patreon.com/lexfridman Telegram: https://t.me/lexfridman Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/lexfridman

Bernie Sanders is a US Senator from Vermont and a two-time presidential candidate. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep450-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/bernie-sanders-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Bernies Website: https://berniesanders.com Bernies X: https://x.com/BernieSanders Bernies Instagram: https://instagram.com/berniesanders Bernies YouTube: https://youtube.com/@BernieSanders Bernies Facebook: https://facebook.com/berniesanders Bernies Books: Its OK to Be Angry About Capitalism: https://amzn.to/4fiIqS3 Where We Go from Here: https://amzn.to/4eUSJMj Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution: https://amzn.to/3YkVAa4 Our Revolution: https://amzn.to/40cIbnf Outsider in the White House: https://amzn.to/3BSfD8u SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex Saily: An eSIM for international travel. Go to https://saily.com/lex Ground News: Unbiased news source. Go to https://groundnews.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (08:51) MLK Jr (11:43) Corruption in politics (23:00) Healthcare in US (31:33) 2016 election (37:32) Barack Obama (43:26) Capitalism (51:35) Response to attacks (56:32) AOC and progressive politics (1:04:24) Mortality (1:06:30) Hope for the future PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Graham Hancock a journalist and author who for over 30 years has explored the controversial possibility that there existed a lost civilization during the last Ice Age, and that it was destroyed in a global cataclysm some 12,000 years ago. He is the presenter of the Netflix documentary series Ancient Apocalypse, the 2nd season of which has just been released. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep449-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Grahams Website: https://grahamhancock.com/ Ancient Apocalypse (Season 2): https://netflix.com/title/81211003 Grahams YouTube: https://youtube.com/GrahamHancockDotCom Grahams X: https://x.com/Graham__Hancock Grahams Facebook: https://facebook.com/Author.GrahamHancock Fingerprints of the Gods (book): https://amzn.to/4eM3QXC SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex Riverside: Platform for recording podcasts and videos from everywhere. Go to https://creators.riverside.fm/LEX LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (09:58) Lost Ice Age civilization (17:03) Göbekli Tepe (29:07) Early humans (34:07) Astronomical symbolism (45:36) Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (1:03:55) The Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza (1:24:29) Sahara Desert and the Amazon rainforest (1:33:49) Response to critics (1:57:56) Panspermia (2:05:22) Shamanism (2:29:22) How the Great Pyramid was built (2:36:41) Mortality PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Jordan Peterson is a psychologist, author, lecturer, and podcast host. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep448-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jordan-peterson-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Peterson Academy: https://petersonacademy.com Jordans X: https://x.com/jordanbpeterson Jordans YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@JordanBPeterson Jordans Website: https://jordanbpeterson.com Jordans Books: We Who Wrestle with God: https://amzn.to/485Dz4a Beyond Order: https://amzn.to/3T4LRBw 12 Rules for Life: https://amzn.to/3c4sqYF Maps of Meaning: https://amzn.to/3A1Ods2 SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Eight Sleep: Temp-controlled smart mattress. Go to https://eightsleep.com/lex Ground News: Unbiased news source. Go to https://groundnews.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (07:07) Nietzsche (14:48) Power and propaganda (19:54) Nazism (24:54) Religion (41:18) Communism (47:03) Hero myth (49:12) Belief in God (59:24) Advice for young people (1:12:02) Sex (1:32:00) Good and evil (1:44:46) Psychopathy (1:58:15) Hardship (2:10:31) Pain and gratitude (2:21:32) Truth PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Aman Sanger, Arvid Lunnemark, Michael Truell, and Sualeh Asif are creators of Cursor, a popular code editor that specializes in AI-assisted programming. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep447-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/cursor-team-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Cursor Website: https://cursor.com Cursor on X: https://x.com/cursor_ai Anysphere Website: https://anysphere.inc/ Amans X: https://x.com/amanrsanger Amans Website: https://amansanger.com/ Arvids X: https://x.com/ArVID220u Arvids Website: https://arvid.xyz/ Michaels Website: https://mntruell.com/ Michaels LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3zIDkPN Sualehs X: https://x.com/sualehasif996 Sualehs Website: https://sualehasif.me/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: Encord: AI tooling for annotation data management. Go to https://encord.com/lex MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (09:25) Code editor basics (11:35) GitHub Copilot (18:53) Cursor (25:20) Cursor Tab (31:35) Code diff (39:46) ML details (45:20) GPT vs Claude (51:54) Prompt engineering (59:20) AI agents (1:13:18) Running code in background (1:17:57) Debugging (1:23:25) Dangerous code (1:34:35) Branching file systems (1:37:47) Scaling challenges (1:51:58) Context (1:57:05) OpenAI o1 (2:08:27) Synthetic data (2:12:14) RLHF vs RLAIF (2:14:01) Fields Medal for AI (2:16:43) Scaling laws (2:25:32) The future of programming PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

Ed Barnhart is an archaeologist and explorer specializing in ancient civilizations of the Americas. He is the Director of the Maya Exploration Center, host of the ArchaeoEd Podcast, and lecturer on the ancient history of North, Central, and South America. Ed is in part known for his groundbreaking work on ancient astronomy, mathematics, and calendar systems. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep446-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/ed-barnhart-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Eds YouTube: https://youtube.com/@archaeoedpodcast Eds Website: https://archaeoed.com/ Maya Exploration Center: https://mayaexploration.org Eds Lectures on The Great Courses: https://thegreatcoursesplus.com/edwin-barnhart Eds Lectures on Audible: https://adbl.co/4dBavTZ 2025 Mayan Calendar: https://mayan-calendar.com/ SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors get discounts: MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpod Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.com/lex AG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drinks. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lex Notion: Note-taking and team collaboration. Go to https://notion.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) Introduction (08:59) Lost civilizations (16:04) Hunter-gatherers (19:36) First humans in the Americas (29:28) South America (34:57) Pyramids (42:01) Religion (55:05) Shamanism (57:02) Ayahuasca (1:03:15) Lost City of Z (1:08:09) Graham Hancock (1:15:11) Uncontacted tribes (1:21:12) Maya civilization (1:37:00) Mayan calendar (1:52:17) Flood myths (2:20:46) Aztecs (2:38:12) Inca Empire (2:56:13) Early humans in North America (3:02:10) Columbus (3:06:46) Vikings (3:10:55) Aliens (3:15:23) Earth in 10,000 years (3:31:33) Hope for the future PODCAST LINKS: Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips